Kolky (Kolki) | Volyn

/ Landscape in Kolky. ©Ellénore Gobry/Yahad - In Unum Bucolic landscape in Kolky. ©Ellénore Gobry/Yahad - In Unum The location of the former ghetto in Kolky. ©Ellénore Gobry/Yahad - In Unum Petro K., born 1927: "On the road some Jews tried to escape by throwing sand in the Germans’ eyes.” ©Ellénore Gobry/Yahad - In Unum Petro K. witnessed three local Jews uncovered while hiding in the barn and then shot in the vegetable garden. According to him they were shot by a Schutzmann. ©Ellénore Gobry/Yahad - In Unum The Yahad team during the interview. ©Ellénore Gobry/Yahad - In Unum The vegetable garden where three Jews were shot. Their corpses were buried by local at the same place afterwards. ©Ellénore Gobry/Yahad - In Unum With the witness near the second execution site on the banks of the Styr river. According to the witness, about 60 Jews were killed here. ©Ellénore Gobry/Yahad - In Unum The main execution site, located in the forest, where about 2,000 Jews were murdered. The witness’s father was requisitioned by force to cover the pit. ©Ellénore Gobry/Yahad - In Unum

Execution of Jews in Kolky

3 Execution site(s)

Kind of place before:
Forest/Close to the river bank/Vegetable garden
Memorials:
Yes
Period of occupation:
1941-1944
Number of victims:
Circa. 2,000

Witness interview

Petro K., born in 1927: "The Jews were taken in trucks to the execution site. When I were grazing the cows with my brother, we saw the column passing by in the direction of the forest. There were at least ten trucks in the column and all of them were full of Jews. The trucks moved slowly. The Jews were guarded by Germans and policemen. At one moment, we saw some Jews throwing sand into a German’s eyes and other Jews starting to run. I guess they wanted to escape, but the Germans started to fire at them immediately and killed all of them. Their bodies were dragged and put back on a truck."(Testimony N°1477, interviewed in Kolky, on May 4th, 2012)

Soviet archives

"During the summer of 1942, a Gestapo commando unit from Lutsk, returned to Kolki for a second time. With the cooperation of the gendarmerie and the local police, they forced two thousand civilians to get into trucks and escorted them to the nearby forest, and shot them with automatic weapons above the previously-dug pits ." [Report from the Soviet State extraordinary commission, drawn up on November 15th,1944, RG-22.002M/7021-55/5].

Historical note

Kolky is located on the banks of the Styr River, about 50 km northeast of Lutsk. The first records  of the Jewish community date back to the mid-16th century. The Jews suffered from the waves of pogroms carried out in 1648. In 1897, the Jews represented the majority of the population, comprising 60% of total population. As this region is known for its timber, the majority of Jews work in the timber and agricultural products trade, while others were artisans, such as tailors, shoemakers, and blacksmiths. There were several synagogues in Kolky. During the interwar period, Kolky was under Polish rule. In 1939, it was annexed by Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Since that time, all Jewish cultural and political organizations, such as Zionist movements, were banned and the Hebrew school was closed. On the eve of the war, 860 Jews lived in the village.

Holocaust by bullets in figures

The Germans units occupied the village on July 8, 1941. Shortly after the Germans’ arrival, all the Jews were registered and marked with yellow distinguishing badges. Their valuables were confiscated and they were forbidden from leaving the village. A Judenrat and Ukrainian police were created. The first execution was conducted during the  summer of 1941, during which about 50 Jewish men, under the pretext of being taken to carry out forced labor, were shot outside the village. In October 1941, the ghetto was established in the Jewish quarter and existed until its liquidation in late July, 1942. According to the local witness there were two synagogues inside the ghetto. The ghetto numbered about 2,000 Jews, including local Jews and Jewish refugees who had arrived from Poland. The majority of Jewish inmates were shot in late July, 1942. On this day, they were first held in the Jewish school building for 24 hours and then taken in trucks to the forest. Before being shot the Jews were forced to undress. The pit was filled by the requisitioned locals, who were present during the execution. This execution was conducted by the SD unit from Lutsk assisted by German gendarmerie and local police. For several weeks, the police continued to look for the Jews in hiding who had managed to survive the liquidation. Those who were found were shot and buried on the spot. Several isolated shootings took place at this time, including one big shooting during which circa. 100 Jews were shot at the same site in the forest. However, several Jews managed to survive and joined the partisans units. 

Jewishgen

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